Research into different areas of photography used in the media industry-Assignment one
Fashion:
Fashion photography is primarily used in the media industry in order to promote fashion designers and sell clothes. However fashion photography is now also considered a form of art. The way fashion changes is indicative of how society changes and evolves. Attitudes towards fashion changes all through time; In the 60s the most popular item photographed in fashion photography was in fact the mini skirt. This represents how attitudes towards sex and the female body adapted and it became accepting to wear more revealing clothing for the first time. So the changes in ideas and adaptations in fashion change fashion photography completely.
The Vogue magazine cover featured above (left) shows a time when fashion photography was very plain, basic and contains simple colours. In this time it was not acceptable to reveal much skin in fashion. However as attitudes begin to change so does fashion photography and as you can see from the Vogue magazine cover example featured above (centre) fashion photography adapted to become more daring involving brighter colours and showing more skin. The Vogue magazine cover example featured above (right) shows an example of fashion photography of today. These examples represent how fashion photography has changed over the years and why.
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| Steve Meisel Fashion Photographer - Vogue |
Advertising:
The purpose of advertising photography is quite simply to make us as a society want to buy the product being advertised. Most of the time the way advertising is portrayed is that the item is a 'must have' and more of a necessity than a want. For an advertisement to be good it has to be eye catching, different, memorable, and stand out from the rest. 
Like fashion photography , advertising photography has also changed through time due to photoshop. Fashion photography and advertising photography are very similar in the fact that photo shop image manipulation will help to sell and promote the product when in such a competitive market that there is today. This video from the dove campaign shows the evolution of beauty and how photoshop can change an overall appearance completely- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knEIM16NuPg - this link shows how when advertising products -in this case makeup and things promoted by self image- photoshop is used to make the advert look aesthetically pleasing and when viewing the adverts for these particular products the audience tend to believe that if they buy the product they will look like that person (particularly in makeup ads).
Some adverts stand out more than others and there are many different ways of doing so, some adverts are different from the others in order to stand out and be eye catching . For example , Orange the phone co. posted plain orange billboards promoting their company in an unusual yet effective way to make them stand out.My chosen examples of the changes of photography changes through time is Cadburys the chocolate company. The original advertising was promoting the fact that their chocolate contained milk. It is a very simple ad and clearly shows that the advert is promoting cadburys. An example of a more modern cadburys ad is the opposite to the original ad. Much like the orange ad mentioned earlier , this advert makes the audience think what is being promoted . However, it is a very memorable ad and the purple colour scheme represents cadburys but the style of ad has nothing to do with the chocolate itself and its this which makes the ad stand out and makes it memorable. The most recent cadburys ad is more of a modern and simple approach.
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| Nadav Kander Adidias ad |
Photo-Journalism:
The purpose of photo journalism is to allow the photo to tell a story without words which is an ironic approach to journalism. It's difficult to compare images through time with photojournalism because photo journalism is constantly changing and adapting. News evolves all the time. However , when it comes to photography times have changed in ways which effect photojournalism. Photoshop is now very easily accessible so credibility of photos is an issue. Shocking images found online are difficult to tell if they have been manipulated before being published so images are hard to trust. Where as before the evolution of photoshop , photojournalism was trusted and believed alot more than it is today. Photojournalism is all around us , on tv , internet and newspapers. Some photojournalists are inspired to tell their story as an art form and in this case photoshop is used and accepted.
In some aspects photoshop is used for dramatic effect in photojournalism. Erik Johansson is a good example of this. Many photojournalists shun the use of photo editing. However , Erik has taken the use of photoshop and manipulation to portray the way that man has ruined nature and how easy it is to develop land into roads in a humorous way. Erik Johansson compares his photojournalism to art and sees it as an art-form. This photo uses photoshop for art and isn't mis leading the audience as they know it isn't a real image.
Most famous photojournalists are famous for one image. The idea is for the photo to tell a story with no words needed. This photo -famously taken by Alfred Eisenstaedt- captures the essence of the moment which the photo was designed to do. This particular photo an american sailor on V day. This photo was taken before any means of photoshop could manipulate the image in any way.The Internet has changed photo journalism. In the 40s it would take about 40 minutes to transfer a photo where as now its almost instant to take and send a photo. So , the main change to photojournalism is technology.
Portrait:
Portrait photography is intended to capture the likeness of something. Portrait photography expresses emotion. Portraits can be made in different formats ; formal and informal.
Some portraits are more formal than others , for example a passport photo or an ID is an example of formal portrait photography. Whereas informal is where the photographer really catches the true likeness of a person. Perhaps the portrait is so informal that the person being photographed doesn't know the photo is being taken so the image cannot be posed in any way.
This image is an example of formal portrait photography taken by a portrait photographer and is very much posed.
The whole concept of portrait photography itself hasn't changed much through the years. However the photographs themselves have changed. Photography has changed a lot over the years and so has the way photos are captured. Today , photos are digital and can even be taken , transferred and published online on a mobile phone. The quality of the images have improved over the years yet the concept of portrait photography-capturing the true likeness of something-has never adapted through the years.
Formal portraits such as ID cards don't capture the true likeness of a person as much as informal natural photos.
Famous portrait photographers take more informal shots. Yousef Karf took many famous portraits in the 20th century of figures from the world of art, science , politics and science. Yousef Karf is most famous for his shot of winston churchill.
Philip Warner has a different approach to portrait photography than Yousef Karf did. He has a more modern approach and a different style of portrait photography , he founded the lithiuim picnic studio and worked taking photographs for playboy.
Michael Potter is an informal portrait photographer. The photo example to the right is a natural shot intended to capture the true likeness of the girl , rather than the image being poser. This is the general style of Michael Potters' portrait photography.
Landscape:
Landscape photography is intended to show different spaces in the world. Usually the photographs are taken in landscape to show more of the landscape or area being photographed. Theses spaces tend to have little or no human activity. Landscape photography are most likely to be captured in wide or long shots. Landscape photography shows the natural beauty of the world and preserves history.
What makes a good landscape shot is techniques such as the use of ambient light where the level of background brightness can effect the quality of the shot. Also when the photograph shows the depth in field. Depth in field is an important element to landscape photography. The sharp area surrounding the point of focus can be enhanced more with a shallow depth of field. The longer the point of focus the more shallow the depth of field. This gives a similar effect to macro photography.
There is shallow depth and large depth one typically used in macro photography and one typically used in landscape photography. Shallow depth of field is used in macro photography and large depth of field is used in landscape photography.
Ansel Adams took some brilliant examples of landscape photography of the californian wilderness. He founded the zone system for creating black and white photographs with the best possible tonal range. This is an example of Ansel Adams landscape photography. This photograph is The Tetons and the snake river taken in 1942. Landscape photography hasn't changed much over the years but the landscape being photographed has changed and is always changing.
Today the photographs have adapted and landscape photography has evolved along with photography itself to produce a better quality image. David Norton a landscape photographer of today reflects his work on the human interactions on the world and photographs landscape scenes of cities and man made areas as well as natural areas. This is how landscape photography has changed. Its no longer limited to scenery. This is an example or David Nortons photography. This photographs captures the beauty of the world but reflects human activity.
Macro:
Macro photography tends to capture photographs of a small object in great detail. Taking photographs in macro capture more detail than the human eye itself. Macro photographs are taken with a macro lens with the capability of reaching 1:1 magnification . Macro photography typically uses depth of field to improve to image. The longer the point of focus the more shallow the depth of field. Macro photography typically uses shallow depth of field.
Macro shots tend to be of small objects to do with nature. Similar to close up photography , the photos are capturing small objects and focusing just on the object not the surroundings. Although they are very similar there are differences between close up photography and macro photography. The main difference is detail and capturing the finest details in photographs such as a macro lens can achieve such great detail as of the length of a hair on an insects leg or the reflection in its eye for example.
Close up photography is taking photographs in a close up range of the object-usually flowers and insects , which makes it very similar to macro photography-
The photograph fills the whole frame in great detail and focus. Whereas only a small area of the photograph is in great detail with macro photography. Close up photography can be taken with pretty much any lens even a camera phone could capture a close up photography shot.
Mark Plonsky -macro photographer- took this extreme close up of this insect. This photograph is taken in macro. The face of the insect is in great detail and the rest of the image is out of focus.
Andy small captures images close up without the use of macro in some of his images. He takes photographs of fruit and vegetables with the use of close up photography. However, he often uses macro in some of his photography as well but he is most well known for his close up photography. This image , taken by him. He photographs objects close up of things such as flowers and nature. His work became well known for its modern style.
References for this assignment: SOURCES
(as well as notes in book from lessons)
fashion photography:
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-ways-how-photoshop-has-changed-the-history-of-photograph/
http://www.fashionz.co.nz/advice/how-and-why-has-fashion-changed-over-the-last-50-years.html
Advertising photography:
http://www.theartcareerproject.com/advertising-photography/966/
http://adsoftheworld.com/creative/nadav_kander
http://www.cadbury.co.uk/the-story
Photojournalism:
http://conferences.arts.usyd.edu.au/viewpaper.php?id=151&cf=3
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rcollins/242photojournalism/historyofphotography.html
Portrait photography:
http://www.photography-art-cafe.com/famous-portrait-photographers.html
http://www.michaelpotterphotography.co.uk/gallery_87999.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photography#Styles_of_portraiture
Landscape photography:
http://photo.tutsplus.com/tutorials/shooting/using-hyperfocal-distance-to-ensure-maximum-depth-of-field-in-landscape-photography/
http://www.photography-art-cafe.com/famous-landscape-photographers.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansel_Adams
http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/2010/09/09/10-quick-landscape-photography-tips/
Macro photography:
http://www.dpreview.com/articles/3064907237/depth-of-field-in-macro-photography
http://www.andysmall.co.uk/shop/74/index.htm
http://danutza88.deviantart.com/journal/The-difference-between-macro-and-close-up-photogra-214234112
The purpose of photo journalism is to allow the photo to tell a story without words which is an ironic approach to journalism. It's difficult to compare images through time with photojournalism because photo journalism is constantly changing and adapting. News evolves all the time. However , when it comes to photography times have changed in ways which effect photojournalism. Photoshop is now very easily accessible so credibility of photos is an issue. Shocking images found online are difficult to tell if they have been manipulated before being published so images are hard to trust. Where as before the evolution of photoshop , photojournalism was trusted and believed alot more than it is today. Photojournalism is all around us , on tv , internet and newspapers. Some photojournalists are inspired to tell their story as an art form and in this case photoshop is used and accepted.
 |
| Example of photojournalism changing through technology |
In some aspects photoshop is used for dramatic effect in photojournalism. Erik Johansson is a good example of this. Many photojournalists shun the use of photo editing. However , Erik has taken the use of photoshop and manipulation to portray the way that man has ruined nature and how easy it is to develop land into roads in a humorous way. Erik Johansson compares his photojournalism to art and sees it as an art-form. This photo uses photoshop for art and isn't mis leading the audience as they know it isn't a real image.
 |
| 1935 photojournalism image |
 |
| Philip Warner Formal example |
Portrait photography is intended to capture the likeness of something. Portrait photography expresses emotion. Portraits can be made in different formats ; formal and informal.
Some portraits are more formal than others , for example a passport photo or an ID is an example of formal portrait photography. Whereas informal is where the photographer really catches the true likeness of a person. Perhaps the portrait is so informal that the person being photographed doesn't know the photo is being taken so the image cannot be posed in any way.
This image is an example of formal portrait photography taken by a portrait photographer and is very much posed.
The whole concept of portrait photography itself hasn't changed much through the years. However the photographs themselves have changed. Photography has changed a lot over the years and so has the way photos are captured. Today , photos are digital and can even be taken , transferred and published online on a mobile phone. The quality of the images have improved over the years yet the concept of portrait photography-capturing the true likeness of something-has never adapted through the years.
 |
| Michael Potter example |
Philip Warner has a different approach to portrait photography than Yousef Karf did. He has a more modern approach and a different style of portrait photography , he founded the lithiuim picnic studio and worked taking photographs for playboy.
Michael Potter is an informal portrait photographer. The photo example to the right is a natural shot intended to capture the true likeness of the girl , rather than the image being poser. This is the general style of Michael Potters' portrait photography.
Landscape:
Landscape photography is intended to show different spaces in the world. Usually the photographs are taken in landscape to show more of the landscape or area being photographed. Theses spaces tend to have little or no human activity. Landscape photography are most likely to be captured in wide or long shots. Landscape photography shows the natural beauty of the world and preserves history.
What makes a good landscape shot is techniques such as the use of ambient light where the level of background brightness can effect the quality of the shot. Also when the photograph shows the depth in field. Depth in field is an important element to landscape photography. The sharp area surrounding the point of focus can be enhanced more with a shallow depth of field. The longer the point of focus the more shallow the depth of field. This gives a similar effect to macro photography.
There is shallow depth and large depth one typically used in macro photography and one typically used in landscape photography. Shallow depth of field is used in macro photography and large depth of field is used in landscape photography.
Ansel Adams took some brilliant examples of landscape photography of the californian wilderness. He founded the zone system for creating black and white photographs with the best possible tonal range. This is an example of Ansel Adams landscape photography. This photograph is The Tetons and the snake river taken in 1942. Landscape photography hasn't changed much over the years but the landscape being photographed has changed and is always changing.
Today the photographs have adapted and landscape photography has evolved along with photography itself to produce a better quality image. David Norton a landscape photographer of today reflects his work on the human interactions on the world and photographs landscape scenes of cities and man made areas as well as natural areas. This is how landscape photography has changed. Its no longer limited to scenery. This is an example or David Nortons photography. This photographs captures the beauty of the world but reflects human activity.
Macro:
Macro photography tends to capture photographs of a small object in great detail. Taking photographs in macro capture more detail than the human eye itself. Macro photographs are taken with a macro lens with the capability of reaching 1:1 magnification . Macro photography typically uses depth of field to improve to image. The longer the point of focus the more shallow the depth of field. Macro photography typically uses shallow depth of field.
Macro shots tend to be of small objects to do with nature. Similar to close up photography , the photos are capturing small objects and focusing just on the object not the surroundings. Although they are very similar there are differences between close up photography and macro photography. The main difference is detail and capturing the finest details in photographs such as a macro lens can achieve such great detail as of the length of a hair on an insects leg or the reflection in its eye for example.
Close up photography is taking photographs in a close up range of the object-usually flowers and insects , which makes it very similar to macro photography-
The photograph fills the whole frame in great detail and focus. Whereas only a small area of the photograph is in great detail with macro photography. Close up photography can be taken with pretty much any lens even a camera phone could capture a close up photography shot.
Andy small captures images close up without the use of macro in some of his images. He takes photographs of fruit and vegetables with the use of close up photography. However, he often uses macro in some of his photography as well but he is most well known for his close up photography. This image , taken by him. He photographs objects close up of things such as flowers and nature. His work became well known for its modern style.References for this assignment: SOURCES
(as well as notes in book from lessons)
fashion photography:
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-ways-how-photoshop-has-changed-the-history-of-photograph/
http://www.fashionz.co.nz/advice/how-and-why-has-fashion-changed-over-the-last-50-years.html
Advertising photography:
http://www.theartcareerproject.com/advertising-photography/966/
http://adsoftheworld.com/creative/nadav_kander
http://www.cadbury.co.uk/the-story
Photojournalism:
http://conferences.arts.usyd.edu.au/viewpaper.php?id=151&cf=3
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~rcollins/242photojournalism/historyofphotography.html
Portrait photography:
http://www.photography-art-cafe.com/famous-portrait-photographers.html
http://www.michaelpotterphotography.co.uk/gallery_87999.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photography#Styles_of_portraiture
Landscape photography:
http://photo.tutsplus.com/tutorials/shooting/using-hyperfocal-distance-to-ensure-maximum-depth-of-field-in-landscape-photography/
http://www.photography-art-cafe.com/famous-landscape-photographers.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansel_Adams
http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/2010/09/09/10-quick-landscape-photography-tips/
Macro photography:
http://www.dpreview.com/articles/3064907237/depth-of-field-in-macro-photography
http://www.andysmall.co.uk/shop/74/index.htm
http://danutza88.deviantart.com/journal/The-difference-between-macro-and-close-up-photogra-214234112
